三峡库区长江干流和支流富营养化研究

摘 要:长江上游重庆段人口密集, 由于历史的原因, 环境方面基础设施落后, 大量未经处理的工业废水、 城市生活污水、船舶污染物和大面积的农田地表径流汇入长江及次级河流。 特别是三峡大坝建成蓄水之后, 主河道和支流水体流动明显变缓, 加之长距离回水, 部分次级河流自 2003年起明显富营养化, 并有逐渐加重 的趋势。本文综合了 2002 ～ 2009年对长江三峡水库入库河流营养状态的研究, 得出了次级河流水体综合营 养状态的评价, 并结合三峡库区现有污水和垃圾处理设施处理能力与实际排放量的分析, 对于库区支流富营 养化趋势进行预测。 最后, 通过总结国内外已提出的许多行之有效的富营养化防治措施, 对三峡库区的富营 养化防治提出一些建议 。

关键词:三峡水库;次级河流 ;富营养化;防治措施

Abstract: Chongqing section of the upper Yangtze River is densely populated. Due to historical reasons, the environmental infrastructure is backward, a large amount of untreated industrial wastewater, urban sewage, ship pollutants and large areas of farmland run off into the Yangtze River and secondary rivers. Especially after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, the flow of the main river and its tributaries slowed down obviously, and some of the secondary rivers became eutrophic since 2003. In this paper, the nutritional status of the rivers flowing into the Three Gorges Reservoir from 2002 to 2009 is studied, and the comprehensive nutritional status of the water body of the secondary rivers is evaluated Combined with the analysis of the capacity and actual discharge of the existing sewage and garbage treatment facilities in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the eutrophication trend of the tributaries in the reservoir area is predicted. Finally, by summarizing many effective measures of eutrophication control at home and abroad, some suggestions on eutrophication control in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are put forward.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir; Secondary River; Eutrophication; control measures